Recommendations To Make The Organization More Competitive :: Business Analysis

The more competitive corporations are in markets, the less the strategies are available to any corporation. All corporations become reactive rather than proactive, unable to impose their will on the market. They cannot control price, they cannot differentiate their product. Competition denies them the resources to acquire other enterprises. In reality cost positions differ, often significantly, and products are perceived to be different, sometimes so different that some are branded. This generates both the scope and resources needed for acquisitions, aggressive price behavior or a major marketing campaign. The specific recommendations the Board is seeking are how: A. to make the organization more competitive: The main outcome of having a competitive strategy advantage is clear. Such an advantage translates into the positive outcomes of a profits earned by our corporation with above average for the industry, instead of a loss less than that earned by others. It does not necessarily mean an above-normal profit since this depends on the nature of our industry. It is easy to recognize when competitive advantage exists, when an our corporation, is competing with another corporation, for the same customers in the same market, is able to earn either a realized, or potential, profit which is higher than that of competitors, or a loss which is smaller. Provided the accounting is accurate, it is not difficult to identify the corporation with a competitive advantage. The result of a better financial performance is made possible by the key characteristic of any competitive advantage, the greater utility or value given to the customer by an enterprise. Customers buy our service either in greater numbe rs or at a higher price because of this greater advantage. Competitive advantage is then the ability to better satisfy our customers than competitors could. The causes of the existence of such an advantage reflect the combined ability to recognize opportunity and therefore position the corporation accordingly, and produce what is wanted at a cost and therefore a price which is acceptable. Both these abilities are the result of the appropriate application of the core competencies possessed by the corporation. B. to provide high quality customer services: The corporation realization of entrepreneurial goals requires, for its success, adequate, even high-quality management inputs. Many of these management inputs involve specialist knowledge of functional areas. The proportion of entrepreneurs and managers required within an enterprise, or indeed the desirable blend of these characteristics within the same individuals, can vary markedly. Recommendations To Make The Organization More Competitive :: Business Analysis The more competitive corporations are in markets, the less the strategies are available to any corporation. All corporations become reactive rather than proactive, unable to impose their will on the market. They cannot control price, they cannot differentiate their product. Competition denies them the resources to acquire other enterprises. In reality cost positions differ, often significantly, and products are perceived to be different, sometimes so different that some are branded. This generates both the scope and resources needed for acquisitions, aggressive price behavior or a major marketing campaign. The specific recommendations the Board is seeking are how: A. to make the organization more competitive: The main outcome of having a competitive strategy advantage is clear. Such an advantage translates into the positive outcomes of a profits earned by our corporation with above average for the industry, instead of a loss less than that earned by others. It does not necessarily mean an above-normal profit since this depends on the nature of our industry. It is easy to recognize when competitive advantage exists, when an our corporation, is competing with another corporation, for the same customers in the same market, is able to earn either a realized, or potential, profit which is higher than that of competitors, or a loss which is smaller. Provided the accounting is accurate, it is not difficult to identify the corporation with a competitive advantage. The result of a better financial performance is made possible by the key characteristic of any competitive advantage, the greater utility or value given to the customer by an enterprise. Customers buy our service either in greater numbe rs or at a higher price because of this greater advantage. Competitive advantage is then the ability to better satisfy our customers than competitors could. The causes of the existence of such an advantage reflect the combined ability to recognize opportunity and therefore position the corporation accordingly, and produce what is wanted at a cost and therefore a price which is acceptable. Both these abilities are the result of the appropriate application of the core competencies possessed by the corporation. B. to provide high quality customer services: The corporation realization of entrepreneurial goals requires, for its success, adequate, even high-quality management inputs. Many of these management inputs involve specialist knowledge of functional areas. The proportion of entrepreneurs and managers required within an enterprise, or indeed the desirable blend of these characteristics within the same individuals, can vary markedly.

Racism, Human Nature, Love and Hatred “Mother Savage”

Mother Savage by Guy de Maupassant and Shakespeare’s Othello are two literary pieces which have several aspects in common. They may be from two different authors of two different times, but they both have certain characteristics which are somewhat similar. One of this is that both Mother Savage and The Tragedy of Othello: The Moor of Venice has a concept of racism, wherein people from different countries and different cultures are involved. Another is that these two literary works both touch on the human nature, how man reacts to various factors in his surroundings, and even the people around him. And lastly, Mother Savage and The Tragedy of Othello are both stories filled with love and hatred, as shown by the main characters of these literary works.The two stories both have a take on the aspect of racism. In Guy de Maupassant’s â€Å"Mother Savage,† racism is seen at the time of war, where the story revolved when a group of Prussian army settled in a localâ€⠄¢s house; an old widow who has a son who went to war against these Prussians (Maupassant). Basically, the old woman, Mother Savage, has let in her house the Prussian army whom his son was fighting against. On the other story, Shakespeare’s Othello also showed racism as a main focus in the story (Shakespeare). Othello is a noble black General of Arabic descent, a Moor. He fell in love and married a young white daughter of a politician, Desdemonda. The story showed two people from a different race falling for each other, but because of certain reasons, their relationship ends up tragically.The next similarity between the two stories is aspect of Human Nature. This is where the main characters is affected by his surroundings, and he responds to this by following his urges, his human nature.   In the story â€Å"Mother Savage,† the old woman showed her human nature when she learned about the death of her son. At first, when she didn’t know that her son was dead, she accepted willingly the Prussian force composed of four soldiers to stay in her house.But when she found out that her son died, she couldn’t help but exact revenge on these unknowing â€Å"enemies.† She burned her house along while the soldiers were fast asleep, and because of that, she was killed by the other soldiers who responded upon knowing the incident. In The Tragedy of Othello, human nature was seen with the main character himself, the Moor, Othello (Al-Amin). When his mind was clouded by jealousy about his wife having an affair with another man, he resorted to murderous means and has committed his own life in the end.Lastly, both of the stories have tackled about love and hatred. This was manifested in both of the stories’ main characters. In â€Å"Mother Savage,† it was the mother’s love that kept her hoping for his son’s return, and keeping the Prussian soldiers in her house. She thought that these soldiers also have their moth ers worrying for them. But hatred has filled her emotions when she found out that her son died. And because of this hatred, she has resorted to murdering the enemy soldiers while they were sleeping. In â€Å"The Tragedy of Othello,† it was love that made two different people is together, in the case of Othello and Desdemonda, and it was hatred and jealousy that separated them, and has eventually led to their deaths.William Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of Othello and Mother Savage by Guy de Maupassant are stories which have similarities in their content. Even though they are many differently, these similarities show that they are both tragic in nature. The concepts they are similar in makes these stories interesting, even though they are shown at different angles. Moreover, these stories may have similar concepts, but still stand out individually, very different from each other.References:Al-Amin, Zakia. â€Å"Othello: The Tragedy of Human Nature†.   1999. July 29 2007. .Maupassant, Guy de. â€Å"Mother Sauvage†.   2001.   ClassicReader.com. July 29 2007. .Shakespeare, William. â€Å"The Tragedy of Othello, Moor of Venice†.   1604. July 29 2007. .

The Black Death s Effects On Europe - 1454 Words

The disastrous plague called the Black Death had monumental, long lasting effects that would ultimately change the fate of the entire continent of Europe. The mid-1300s in Europe were part of the Dark Ages. Human populations were near over-crowding, and the land was stretched to produce food. Mother Nature created a drastic solution. The world lifted a bleak shadow of death and chaos over the people of Europe in the form of plague. It originated from fleas, but rats carried the fleas with this plague across seaward trading routes from Asia. Humans were oblivious to the deadly fleas disguised in the familiar sight of the rats aboard their trading ships. The plague was an airborne disease, and it was transmittable to humans. Once one was infected, no escape option was available. The plague was characterized by black cysts on the skin, which influenced humans to later dub the plague â€Å"The Black Death†. Europe was previously suffering during the Dark Ages, but what were the Bl ack Death’s effects on Europe? The staggering effects of the Black Death were outlined clearly in the fragility of religion, the floundering population and education, and oddly enough, a recovered and thriving economy. The Black Death called into question what power, or lack thereof, that God had to protect people from the plague. It was not clear if the western church lost authority during the plague. A great proportion of clerics were lost during this disaster. Citizens were shown that the ChurchShow MoreRelatedThe Black Death s Effects On Europe1470 Words   |  6 PagesThe Black Death’s Effects on Europe Cole Younger WH2 11-20-15 Rough Draft The disastrous plague called the Black Death had monumental, long lasting effects that would ultimately change the fate of the entire continent of Europe. The mid-1300s in Europe were part of the Dark Ages. Human populations were near over-crowding, and the land was stretched to produce food. Mother Nature created a drastic solution. The world lifted a bleak shadow of death and chaos over the people ofRead MoreThe Economic, Political, and Social Effects of the Black Death1268 Words   |  6 PagesImagine one half of the world s population by wiped out in a space of less than a ten years. You probably cannot imagine such an event occurring; it seems unreal. Yet, this very thing happened in the between the years 1347 and 1351 in Europe. This massive destruction of human life was known as the Black Death. This Black Death was an ecological disaster on a global scale. The effects of the plague on human and certain animal populations from East Asia to as far west as Greenland were catas trophicRead MoreThe Deadly Black Death Plague Of Europe1054 Words   |  5 Pages Background Information  The deadly Black Death plague of Europe arrived in 1346 A.D. , during the middle ages from the Middle East as commonly thought and was also known by other names such as â€Å"the pestilence .â€Å" The infectious deadly bacteria moved rapidly within Europe accounting for approximately 50% of mortality while disseminating northward along major trade routes of ships, lasting until the early 1350’s (Ross, 2015). The plague presented before traditional existenceRead MoreThe Black Death And Its Impact On Society1291 Words   |  6 Pagesprofound effect on mankind, but few of these events have shaped history and culture as profoundly as the Black Death. The Black Death was the name given to the deadly disease that hugely disrupted Europe between 1347 and 1351. The disaster influenced and altered all aspects of European life. This major catastrophe had many later effects, however due to 50 million deaths, people s economic status shifted and these changes left a lasting impact upon Europe. It was known that within the 1300’s, religionRead MoreHow The Black Death Influenced Life1399 Words   |  6 PagesExplain how the Black Death influenced life in Europe The Black Death had a significant negative effect on both the economy of Europe and the Catholic Church during and after it s prime, proving to ruin the lives of many both directly and indirectly subject to the plague. However, it can be argued that the Black Death prompted a restructure in feudalism, increasing equality in society. The Bubonic Plague became prominent in 1347 AD, tearing through the lives of many throughout Europe. A major financialRead MoreThe Plague Of Europe And Asia1165 Words   |  5 Pageshundreds were a time of turmoil in Europe and Asia for many reasons . It was a time of Panic, disease, political instability, and a decline in the power of the church . Although each of these problems are somewhat unrelated, they all stem from the same source, the Bubonic Plague. The bubonic plague started in Asia, and spread its way into parts of Northern Africa and Europe devastating everything in its path. Not only did the Black Death effect the people of Europe and Asia, it effected their economicRead More The Black Death in Medieval Europe Essay1612 Words   |  7 PagesThe Black Death in Medieval Europe The Bubonic Plague, more commonly referred to as the Black Death, ravaged Europe between the years 1347 and 1350 (Herzog, 2000). During this short period, according to Herzog (2000), 25 million people (which were about one third of Europes population at the time) were killed. In another article, Herlihy (1997), however, claimed that two thirds of Europe’s population were killed. Nevertheless, it is ascertained that thousands of people died each week andRead MoreWhat Effects Did The Black Death Changed Europe1408 Words   |  6 PagesThe Death Plague That changed Europe In 1348, a plague arrived that caused severe damage in many countries in Europe. The plague made a significant impact on the country, and it ending up killing fifty million people, which was sixty percent of Europe’s entire population (Slack 432). All of the deaths from the Black plaque it caused many different social and economic effects in Europe. Along with devastating effect, there were positive, social and economic changes resulting from the Black death includingRead MoreThe Black Death Of Europe1231 Words   |  5 Pagesfound regarding the history of the Black Death in Europe. It incorporates the beginning of the plague, the way that it spread, and the toll it took on Europe’s population. It answers questions concerning the context of my topic, the importance of subject at hand, as well as the affects it had on the society during and after this tragedy. Concluding this paper answers the final question of why people should know about this subject in the first plac e. The Black Death was single handedly one of the worstRead MoreThe Black Death During The Middle Class1379 Words   |  6 PagesWhen many people think of the Black Death they only think of the aspect of sick people dying. Although that was the tragedy that occurred, the whole picture includes social and economic changes within Europe. Since the population rapidly decreased due to the disease causing many to perish, the aftermath involved population regrowth, which also brought many changes along with it. Although a time of great loss, the Black Death allowed for the laboring class to financially benefit, causing financial

Why did moral reform movements gather strength in the...

In the mid to late 1800s, a great moral reform movement swept the nation of America. Men, Women, Slaves, people who had never been admitted to influence the religious sector of the Nation were now standing up, and making their voices heard. A patriots History says, â€Å"There were transformations of attitudes about social relationships, health, prisons, education, and the status of women and African American slaves†¦. [This] grew into a substantial Jacksonian reform movement.† This moral reform movement was driven by three main beliefs, or Isms. These were Communal-ism, Feminism, and Abolitionism, all leading us up directly to the Civil War Without the dissent caused by these new movements, it is quite possible that the Civil War would have†¦show more content†¦This rejection of traditionally held values in regard to women, led to the very next Ism, Feminism. Feminism was a Utopians dream because it advocated greatly expanded roles for women. By the time of th e precedent-setting New York State court case Mercein v. People in 1842, women had gained many other rights. In Mercein vs. People a woman was awarded custody of children for the first time in history. Up till this point women had gained property rights within marriage in several Ohio and Mississippi Valley states, and the trend was spreading, fast, and divorce became slightly more prevalent, with the legal grounds increased. With the growth of the Industrial Revolution, women were given work opportunities, and with a rising demand for teachers more and more women were becoming educated in institutions. Nursing jobs also became popular. In1849, Elizabeth Blackwell received her M.D. degree from the Medical Institution of Geneva, N.Y., becoming the first woman in the U.S. with a medical degree. â€Å"All these causes lead women, inevitably, towards feminism, a socio-religious and socio-political philosophy born at the end of the Age of Jackson.† Feminism was affecting moral ref orm, and was right there at the heart. These women activists pushed and shoved till they got their way. The final force was the Declaration of Sentiments at Seneca Falls, New York on 1848. SarahShow MoreRelatedInstitution as the Fundamental Cause of Long Tern Growth39832 Words   |  160 Pageshistory, the division of Korea into two parts with very different economic institutions and the colonization of much of the world by European powers starting in the fifteenth century. We then develop the basic outline of a framework for thinking about why economic institutions differ across countries. Economic institutions determine the incentives of and the constraints on economic actors, and shape economic outcomes. As such, they are social decisions, chosen for their consequences. Because differentRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |   656 PagesSandweiss, St. Louis: The Evolution of an American Urban Landscape Sam Wineburg, Historical Thinking and Other Unnatural Acts: Charting the Future of Teaching the Past Sharon Hartman Strom, Political Woman: Florence Luscomb and the Legacy of Radical Reform Michael Adas, ed., Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History Jack Metzgar, Striking Steel: Solidarity Remembered Janis Appier, Policing Women: The Sexual Politics of Law Enforcement and the LAPD Allen Hunter, ed.,Read MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 PagesSwitzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York ß Oxford University Press 2006 The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2006 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means

Texas AM Kingsville Should Provide Ceiling Fans to...

Texas AM University Kingsville should provide ceiling fans to different areas of the school Description of Problem: The proposal is that most school areas including Texas AM University Kingsville should provide fans in every part or unit of the school which includes the classrooms and your room areas. Fans are used mainly for creating a current of air or breeze, especially a machine using an electric motor to rotate and in order to move air that is used for cooling the area. The problem of the proposal leading to making a change in convincing the school to provide fans in different areas can come in many different ways. There are several problems that I want to discuss that leads to schools providing fans to different areas. It includes that without fans in the school area it can affect your health status, it can lead to dehydration in which your body loses more water than it takes in and it can also lead to death. The first problem of the fans not being provided to different parts of the school area is that it can lead to affecting your health. In general, a fan helps to cool the surrounding when people are inside their rooms during the day. When there is no presence of fan, most people would sweat and in a hot area with no cold atmosphere coming in through it could lead to suffocation due to the presence of much heat. The second problem is that it can lead to dehydration. In this aspect where a place or a surrounding is hot you would sweat. This will

A Streetcar Named Desire Essay Questions Example For Students

A Streetcar Named Desire Essay Questions Tennessee Williams play â€Å"Streetcar named desire† is the first serious American drama that has gained worldwide recognition due to the actualization of the conflict between man and society. It is the classic of the American theatre. This play defined the main topics, thoughts, and ideas of the author for many years in advance. Some of them are family and society, domestic violence, surviving conflict, sexual desire, etc.   It is, in fact, the only play that tells both about a person and about society, and it is a product of our present life. â€Å"Streetcar named desire† realizes the tragedy of the confused person, generated by the whole way of life in society. Existential insight drives him crazy; he can not withstand the all-round pressure of circumstances. Then all that is left for him is to run into a world of illusions that only upset the soul. The main plot It is a play about Blanche Dubois, the broken middle-aged aristocrat, who comes to New Orleans, supposedly to visit his sister. In reality, this is her only hope for shelter after losing the family manor through her promiscuous past. We will write a custom essay on A Streetcar Named Desire Questions specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In the past a reckless, difficult, unhappy life. Once upon a time, The Dream was a family manor. Stella, her sister, at one time went to New Orleans to seek her fate. Blanche remained in the manor and fought for him. But she was defeated: no The Dream, no money, no strength. Behind unsuccessful marriage (her husband turned out to be a homosexual, he had committed suicide, having learned that Blanche disclosed his secret) and the loss of honest name. She worked as a teacher, and, naturally, without knowing the practical side of life, she could not prevent the loss of the estate. Endless sorrows and disappointments prompt her to alcoholism and frivolous sexual behavior. As a result, she was forced to leave the city after a scandal with a young student, with whom she had an affair. In despair, Blanche comes to her sister. She does not have any hope to set up a personal destiny. But Stella became a stranger. When she leaves for the maternity hospital, her husband Stanley Kowalski rapes Blanche, and she becomes crazy. So, the violence that Stanley committed over Blanche sums up her warped life. However, Tennessee Williams makes it clear that Blanches loneliness is not a conclusion of her immoral behavior, but the irreversible impact of social conditions on a person. The aristocrat Dubois does not keep up with the rapidly changing world and realizes that there is no place for her. She does not accept the rude and vulgar Stanley Kowalski, the embodiment of limitation, violence, and aggression. His mind is clouded by resentment of the arrogant Dubois, who condemned Stella for her choice. Now he finds a way of revenge raping her wife`s sister and prove that he spits on this elite. Who is the main character The main character is sophisticated, clever, refined, beautiful, but a weak woman. In the introduction, the author tries to show his sympathy for Blanche before the audience. Williams describes the image of a thoughtless woman, but at the same time, he creates admiration for Blanche through his use of characterization, contrast, the conflict between heroes, key scenes and aspects of staging. He does not consider this a consequence of spoiled morals. The author sees in his creation the elegance and sophistication of a spiritually developed personality who has found freedom in herself and preferred a lonely, beautiful rebellion against conformism to the coward adaptability of her sister. The psychology of Blanches image is ambiguous; her image wakes up both sympathy and disapproval at the same time. .u2101ac2ad083f9265b2884080717b872 , .u2101ac2ad083f9265b2884080717b872 .postImageUrl , .u2101ac2ad083f9265b2884080717b872 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2101ac2ad083f9265b2884080717b872 , .u2101ac2ad083f9265b2884080717b872:hover , .u2101ac2ad083f9265b2884080717b872:visited , .u2101ac2ad083f9265b2884080717b872:active { border:0!important; } .u2101ac2ad083f9265b2884080717b872 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2101ac2ad083f9265b2884080717b872 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2101ac2ad083f9265b2884080717b872:active , .u2101ac2ad083f9265b2884080717b872:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2101ac2ad083f9265b2884080717b872 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2101ac2ad083f9265b2884080717b872 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2101ac2ad083f9265b2884080717b872 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2101ac2ad083f9265b2884080717b872 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2101ac2ad083f9265b2884080717b872:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2101ac2ad083f9265b2884080717b872 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2101ac2ad083f9265b2884080717b872 .u2101ac2ad083f9265b2884080717b872-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2101ac2ad083f9265b2884080717b872:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Huck Finn: The Twisting Tides Of Portrayal - Racis EssayThe play gives the strong and dramatic example of a woman`s struggle with the impacts of destructive loss and with her own weak mental state.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Streetcar† is the symbolism of a journey and Blanche`s arrival, and the departure at the beginning and end of the play represent states of a journey that is both physical and psychological. H2: The essence of the conflict Through the conflict between Blanche Dubois and Stanley Kowalski the play shows Blanche`s tragic journey towards elimination, insanity, and her final destination, death: as she observes, death is the opposite of desire. When Blanche arrived, she made the remark: They told me to take a streetcar named â€Å"Desire,† and then transfer to one called â€Å"Cemeteries.† In this quote, the meaning of the name of the play is hidden: it is a desire that leads the broken woman into the grave. But our life is arranged in that way: always choose Desire, even if it leads to the cemetery. So, the idea of the play is much broader than the clarification of the relationship. The main question of ​​the play â€Å"Streetcar named desire† is that the culture is doomed to death in front of the face of a vulgar mass man, self-confident to adoration. This is a social conflict, where Blanche and Stanley are images symbols that personify two social layers, which are irreconcilable in alternate enmity. It is more than a clash of characters; it is the confrontation of human ideals and the routine truth of life. The deeper analysis of â€Å"Streetcar named desire† shows the contrasts of society, the huge gulf between classes, between men and women, married and lonely. And also about how the main heroine was burnt in her desire to live only for the sake of desire. Blanche and Stanley are two opposite poles, with exaggerated character traits, they are in endless conflict, and even an innocuous conversation ends in tragedy. The reluctance of the main heroes to show tolerance, compassion, and understanding for each other is Blanche Duboiss mind. And even, despite the blood ties, the sisters do not manage to overcome the gap between the two worlds. In conclusion, the primary place in the play â€Å"Streetcar named desire† is devoted to the problem of the coexistence of a refined, spiritually developed person and a brutal reality created by vulgar people like Stanley. The psychology of Williams is the manifestation of interest in the contradictory inner world of even the most unsightly hero. Blanches spiritual invincibility is in the fact that she, doomed to death in a pragmatic society, does not renounce her ideals, does not yield to her positions, unlike her apathetic sister who is content with movies and maps. The great ideals are manifested in psychological defense of people from the experience that have wrecked all their hopes.

Personal space Essay Example

Personal space Paper A within-particpant experimental design was used to explore how uncomfortable an individual feels when approached by one or two people, this is measured when the individual says stop. The independent variable (IV) is whether theres one person walking towards the particpant orr two people walking towards themselves, wich were randomly assigned. The order of the two conditions was counterbalances so that half of the particpants start with one condition and vice versa, counterbalancing the order in which they start with. A table with odd and even numbers was used to randomly select the particpant with the condiitn. The even numbers start with condiiton one where one person walks towards the individual, and the odd numbers start with condiiton two where two people walk towards the participant. The dependent variable (DV) is when the experimenter is told to stop when approaching the participant. Participants This experiment consisted of 60 particiapnts which were recruited from Nottingham, UK. An opportunity sample was used for the experiment. The sample comprimised of an equal ratio of males and females. The participants were local university students. There was no exclusion criteria set for this experiment. The mean age of the sample was 19, with 30 males and 30 females. Materials This experiment consisted of a measuring tape which was used to measure the distance between the particiapnt and the experimenter. A set of stabndardised instructions along with the consent form were also used. A pen and paper to recored the results and also the experimenters involved. Procedure Particpants were asked whether or not they wanted to particpate in the experiment. We will write a custom essay sample on Personal space specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Personal space specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Personal space specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The researcher then read aloud the instructions (see Appendix1), to which the participants filled out a consent form (see Appendix 2). Participants were then told that the experimenter will be approaching them and will be told to say stop when they feel uncomfortable with the proximity. The experimenter stands 6 meters from the particiapnt, in an open space. They approach at a slow pace, making no facial expression and no eye contact. The participants will then have to say stop when they feel uncomfortable, the space between them is measured and recorded in a table. Some controls had to be kept consistent, for example the standardised instructions and the ethical guidelines e. g, the right to withdraw and informed consent. In both conditions the experimenter stays 6 meters away from the participant. Results The table below gives a summary of the distance between the experiment and the participant. Table 1:A table to show the difference in standard deviation, Mean and Range of the distance between the experimenter and the participant. Condition Standard Deviation Mean Range T-test 1)One Researcher 12. 95 77. 47 50 1. 51 2)Two Researchers 17. 98 116. 6 81 Table 1 shows that when two researchers approach an individual they would say stop sooner because they feel uncomfortable in the presence of more than one person. The standard deviation and the mean were higher in condition two, where there were two experimenters than in condition one, where participants were only approached by only one experimenters. The T-test was 1. 51, this shows there was an insignificant effect of crowding on personal space (t obt=1. 51, df=58, P. 05) even though the participants said stop sooner when there were two experimenters (Mean=77. 47, Standard Deviation=17. 98) than with only one participant (Mean=77. 47, Stand Deviation=12. 95). Discussion The results suggest that when two people are walking to an individual they will say stop sooner, and when one person is walking towards a person they will say stop later. The results support the background literature. This experiment supported the hypothesis, it also provided valuable data. The purpose of this experiment was to see the effects of crowding on persoanl spce and how uncomfortaable participants felt on the number of people approaching them. The hypothesis was that paprticipants would say stop sooner if two experimenters were walking towards them then just one. There have been numerous studies to support the fact that crowding does affect a persons personal space. A study done by Cochran and Urbanczyk (1982), conducted an experiment on 2 conditions using a stop-distance technique. The results showed that in high-ceiling condiitons, the participants needed less personal pace than in low-ceiling conditions. Another experiment done by Gary. T. Long (1984) showed that participnts in higher tension situations preferred a greater distance from others. There were limitations involved with this study, the number pf participants were too few, therefore having more participants may have produced a greater variability amongst the results. Another limitation is regarding the location, it could have been more crowded with more noise, with some participants and not others. Intimidation could have been another factor effeting the experimen by the presence of the researchers and the distance varies according to many factors, one of them being the relationship of the people involved. The limitations mentioned above could be one of the many reasons why the T-test was insignificant. There are examples of eevryday life in relation to crowding on personal space and how people feel uncomfortable when approached by a group of individuals. For example, when a gang of youths approach one individual they world feel scared and uncomfortable, than if one person approaches a individual and asks for the time; they would feel at ease. However there are many other factors that affect a persons personal space it depends on the age of the individual, the sex, race, amount of indiviuals walking up to a person, and the appearance. However different people have different inmterpretations of what uncomfortable is for them, therefore cannot be certain on when they feel uncomfortable and say stop, therefore cannot measure it properly. These differences of interpretations can lead to a misunderstanding amongst the researchers from different cultures, the environment also affects ones perception on what uncomfortable is for them. Some people might feel uncomfortable with one experimenter walking up to them than two. To conclude from this, different things could be changed in doing this experiment again, a different location could be used. If this experiemnt were to be repeated, there are a few things that should be changed. For example, choosing a different location; this could have ben approached by prior research to obtain knowledge of whn places are most/least populated. The conclusion of this experiment was consistent with past reasearch. Although this experiment ended with a insignificant T-test, the information gathered from the results can help future research on the effects of crowding on personal space.