Smoking---policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Smoking---policy - Essay Example Studies reveal that children get affected most with asthma symptoms due to environmental tobacco smoke. Even an adult who does not smoke but live with a smoker have a 30% higher risk of lung cancer than the one who is not a passive smoker (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2010). It is estimated that secondhand smoke kills over 50,000 non-smokers in the US each year (Graff, 2008). Over the years, nonsmokers have been convincing authorities to put a ban on smoking at all public places as they do not want to become passive smokers and endanger their health. Smokers, on the other hand, oppose any policy that imposes ban on smoking at public places. According to them, such policy is a clear violation to their liberty and basic rights as made out in the US constitution (Kjono, 2007). Currently, the state laws differ significantly in banning smoking at public places. While formulating a policy framework to create smoke-free public places, it becomes imperative to examine such policy in the context of social, ethical, legal and economic perspectives affecting varied stakeholders. Smokers, nonsmokers, and cigarette or cigar manufacturers and marketers are the major stakeholders who are going to be affected from this policy issue. The policy proposition is to safeguard the health of nonsmokers from the second-hand smoke; smokers will lose their freedom of smoking at the place causing inconvenience to them. Any reduction in smoking due to this policy implementation will lower the business potential of the cigarette manufacturers and marketers. The State as a stakeholder will be benefitted in the long-term due to reduced spending on public healthcare. There is a clear divide between smokers and non-smokers as nonsmokers believe that all employees have the right to inhale smoke-free clean air at work places and must be

Financial accounting standards Essay Example for Free

Financial accounting standards Essay The income statement, which portrays the financial performance of the company, is also described in the financial statements elements. Income and expenses from ordinary activities are recognized as the main elements of such statement, which when matched result in a profit or loss for the period. Capital maintenance adjustments are also pointed out, which may effect the income statement. This arises from the restatement of assets and liabilities that may eventually influence the equity of the firm (International Accounting Standards 2000, p 61-64). The measurement bases utilized in order to compute the monetary amounts of the assets, liabilities, equity, revenue and expenditure noted above are also outlined in the framework. There are five main measurement bases recognized in the accounting framework, which are explained below: †¢ Historical Cost – such measurement bases states that assets are recorded at the historical, which is normally the date of purchase. This implies that the value of the asset at the date of acquisition is the one portrayed in the Balance Sheet. For example, if a motor vehicle costing $8,000 is bought. The $8,000 historical cost value will be adopted as its measurement bases. As regards liabilities, the amount of cash obligation arising at the inception of the transaction will also be utilized as the measurement means. Any payments that are eventually undertaken to cover such liability are diminished from that amount. This is most common method adopted in practice by business organizations. However, when the need arises, such measurement bases are promulgated with other methods in order to portray a more true and fair financial picture (International Accounting Standards 2000, p 70-71). †¢ Current Cost – as its name implies, assets are recorded at the current amount of cash and cash equivalents that would be required if a similar was going to be purchased. Under such measurement bases, liabilities are determined according to the undiscounted cash obligation necessary to settle such commitment (International Accounting Standards 2000, p 70). †¢ Realizable value – this method is similar to the current cost one, with the exception that assets value is computed in line with the equivalent price that the present asset can attain if disposed in the market. The value of liabilities under such measurement bases is the same to the historical cost one. That is liabilities are determined in line with their settlement value (International Accounting Standards 2000, p 70). †¢ Present value – this encompasses that assets are recording according to the present discounted value of the envisaged cash inflows that such asset will provide to the organization in its day-to-day business activities. Liabilities are also valued at the present discounted value of the expected cash outflows entailed in the foreseeable future (International Accounting Standards 2000, p 70). The concept of capital and capital maintenance is the last basic principle covered by the accounting framework. The principle of capital under a financial side comprises the invested assets by the owner, which are identical to the equity or net assets value. Under the physical concept of capital, it entails the operating ability. That is the productive power of the organization (International Accounting Standards 2000, p 72). The concept of capital mentioned in the previous paragraph leads to the proceeding concepts of capital maintenance:†¢ Financial Capital Maintenance – profit/loss is computed under such concept as the difference between the financial value of the net assets at the end of the year and the financial value of the net assets at the commencement of the financial year (International Accounting Standards 2000, p 72). The fair value measurement bases, which is a new valuation method abides with such concept. †¢ Physical Capital Maintenance profit in this case focuses on the productive ability of the corporation. That is the excess of physical production at the end of the year when compared with that of the beginning forms up the profit figure (International Accounting Standards 2000, p 73). 2. The principles outlined in the framework do not exercise a direct influence on the intended parties. It holds an indirect affect by affecting the accounting standards issued by the recognized accountancy board. Such accounting standard will then have a direct influence on the accounting treatment of specific items and on the presentation of accounting information. Indeed the framework acts as a yardstick that guides the development of accounting standards. It is a generic document that narrows the range of alternatives that can be adopted during the standard setting process (Foster M. J. et al 2001, p 1,2). Further more, the framework aids the communication process in the Financial Accounting Standards Board, both internally and externally. Through the adoption of a generally accepted accounting framework, the message of the Financial Accounting Standards Board would be more easy to be communicated to accountants in the respective industries (Foster M. J. et al 2001, p 2).

Comparison of Fall of Man and Hamlet Essay -- comparison compare contr

Comparison of Fall of Man and Hamlet The medieval traditions shown in the "Fall of Man" were very apparent in Shakespeare's play, Hamlet. It is not known whether or not Shakespeare ever read the "Fall of Man", and it does not matter, for the effects and influence of the â€Å"Fall of Man† on Shakespeare's writing is very obvious when the plots of both stories are examined. Both are written in archaic form, as well as with a very strict rhyme scheme. â€Å"The Fall of Man† is a tragedy, the same as Hamlet. The reaches of the medieval writings grasp deep into Shakespeare's characters, with common characteristics shared between the characters in â€Å"The Fall of Man† and Hamlet. Even further, Shakespeare's audience would have had to have been very fluent in the language of medieval plays, for there are many references in Hamlet, to plays and mythology of a much earlier date. The style of writing used in "The Fall of Man† is very similar to that used by Shakespeare in Hamlet. This is a sign that medieval plays and literature was an influence on Shakespeare's writing. In "The Fall of Man" the common amount of syllables per line is eight. â€Å"That moffes me mikill in my minde:†[line 2] or â€Å"I knawe it wele, this was His skille†[line 46], these are both examples from â€Å"The Fall of Man†. The breaks in this pattern are quite often put there for emphasis on a line, word or point trying to be made. Shakespeare also has a common amount of syllables, ten per line, with a break in pattern for emphasizes, for example: â€Å"He hath, my lord, wrung from me my slow leave†[I, II, 61], or ... ...ife- rend'ring pelican†[IV, V, 160] which is a reference to the Elizabethan belief that pelican fed their young by tearing skin off their breast to feed them. With this knowledge that may have been common to them, they received an insight that is not available to readers of today. Shakespeare's writings are obviously deeply impacted by the older literature and plays. This becomes obvious when the technique and story lines of "The Fall of Man" and Hamlet are compared. The two are very similar. With the similarities between the older â€Å"Fall of Man† and Hamlet, it becomes inevitable that for Shakespeare's plays to have been so famous and popular, his audience must have had the same understanding of medieval writings, such as â€Å"The Fall of Man†, as Shakespeare himself did.

America’s Cuban Conundrum : The Assignment Essay

1) What was the key issue that prompted the EU to take the Helms-Burton dispute to the WTO? The key issue that prompted the EU to take the Helms-Burton dispute to the WTO is the theory that law argues against the governments’ authority and the principle of International Law. Another words, in a environment where EU and US had reach advanced stages of economic development, any practice or policy that restrains free trade (in theory) should be consider illegal. However US argued that Helms-Burton legislation objective is to promote â€Å"democracy† discouraging foreign investment in Cuba through the threat of lawsuits and the imposition of travel restrictions. 2) Who benefits the most from an embargo of this type? Who suffers? The embargo only benefits the United States government to a limited extent. Because of the Act, American supplies only reach Cuba through non-United States distributors and even smugglers to the disadvantage of the American companies (Toledo, 2011). But on the other hand, Cuba is obliged to pay cash for all imported goods because of prohibition of credits. 3) In light of the overtures U.S. President Barack Obama has made to Raul Castro, what is likelihood that the U.S. and Cuba will resume diplomatic and trade relations during the Obama administration? It seems that the best resolution to the trade situation between the United States and Cuba would be to end the embargo which would help the Cuban people and American profits. Cuba is a very poor country and repaying of loans is almost impossible. By being able to negotiate Cuba and the United States could come to an agreement that would benefit both countries. Case 6-1 Information Technology Is the Key to Success for Clicks : The Assignment 1) The Clicks ClubCard loyalty program is regarded as one of the drivers of growth at Clicks. Why you think this program has been so successful? Explain. ClickClub loyalty program is not just like discount card for membersusers. This is the program which was highly constructed and developed with time. The production of the company was defined for mid- and high- costumer spenders. The aim of the company is provide a good quality of care for people who really want to feel and look better. They provide a big list of advantages. For instance, shoppers are getting point with every purchasing, and then can get some bonus, as getting some of clicks products for free. It’s called â€Å"cash-back†. And that’s the way how they (company) can gets the quick attention. Its always nice and pleasure to use good service, which sometimes will encourage you to buy more, as probably even use to buy just from that particular company. People always want to get something for free, and that’s kind of difficult in our nowadays. Clicks also had much more examples of advantages, they provided to their costumers. 2) Why you think Clicks has started to adapt its merchandise range to appeal to consumers of the growing black middle-class market in South Africa? I am not sure, but in my opinion in this case it takes to account just the mid- class, as mostly African’s nation is poor. So, the answer is their enticing bonuses. As I mentioned in question 1, people always wants to get something for free, especially if they don’t really have that opportunity to afford that much, as they want, or they need. 3) Suggest practical marketing strategies that would encourage ClubCard members to make additional trips to Clicks stores. 1. Person-to-person advertising (To present some particular products in any public places. It can be new product or the old one, but which was developed). 2. To create marketing program, as try to involve more and more people, by register them, as freelancer worker. Moreover they will use Click’s products, but they also will do some free add for your company, distribute your product and include in a list of users and more people. A good example of the same marketing strategy is Russian line of cosmetics – Faberlic.

Negative outcomes of French Revolution Essay

Total collapse of the economy, finances, and capital. Hyperinflation devastated the economy, and country had to default on obligations and debt. Improvements happened after Napoleon’s reforms and by widespread confiscation of wealth from Europe (for example by asking Austria to pay for a war reparations). Anarchy and mob violence, counter-revolution, and civil war caused death to hundreds of thousands citizens. Entire regions were depopulated by burn land tactics, and cities like Lyon destroyed. It was the biggest outbreak of violence in Europe between 30Y War and WWI. The extreme measures during the crisis brought a legislation that ended democracy and created first modern totalitarian system under Terror. Constitution was suspended indefinitely, and state implemented widespread judicial murders of its critics and the opponents. Intellectual potential of the state was decimated at the guillotine or by exile.  One point, almost entire French academy was tried for treason in May/June 1794. Revolution was negatively taken by rest of Europe, which was dragged for 25 years into coalition wars with France.

The Red Turban Rebellion in China

The Red Turban Rebellion in China Disastrous floods on the Yellow River washed away crops, drowned villagers, and changed the rivers course so that it no longer met up with the Grand Canal. The hungry survivors of these catastrophes began to think that their ethnic-Mongol rulers, the Yuan Dynasty, had lost the Mandate of Heaven. When those same rulers forced 150,000 to 200,000 of their Han Chinese subjects to turn out for a massive labor corvee to dig out the canal once more and join it to the river, the laborers rebelled. This uprising, called the Red Turban Rebellion, signaled the beginning of the end for Mongol rule over China. The first leader of the Red Turbans, Han Shantong, recruited his followers from the forced laborers who were digging out the canal bed in 1351. Hans grandfather had been a sect leader of the White Lotus sect, which provided the religious underpinnings for the Red Turban Rebellion. Yuan Dynasty authorities soon captured and executed Han Shantong, but his son took his place at the head of the rebellion. Both Hans were able to play upon their followers hunger, their displeasure at being forced to work without pay for the government, and their deep-seated dislike of being ruled by barbarians from Mongolia. In northern China, this led to an explosion of Red Turban anti-government activity. Meanwhile, in southern China, a second Red Turban uprising began under the leadership of Xu Shouhui. It had similar complaints and goals to those of the northern Red Turbans, but the two were not coordinated in any way.   Although the peasant soldiers originally identified with the color white (from the White Lotus Society) they soon switched to the much luckier color red. To identify themselves, they wore red headbands or hong jin, which gave the uprising its common name as the Red Turban Rebellion. Armed with makeshift weapons and farm implements, they should not have been a real threat to the Mongol-led armies of the central government, but the Yuan Dynasty was in turmoil. Initially, an able commander called Chief Councillor Toghto was able to put together an effective force of 100,000 imperial soldiers to put down the northern Red Turbans. He succeeded in 1352, routing Hans army. In 1354, the Red Turbans went on the offensive once more, cutting the Grand Canal.  Toghto assembled a force traditionally numbered at 1 million, although that is no doubt a gross exaggeration.  Just as he began to move against the Red Turbans, court intrigue resulted in the emperor dismissing Toghto. His outraged officers and many of the soldiers deserted in protest of his removal, and the Yuan court was never able to find another effective general to lead the anti-Red Turban efforts. During the late 1350s and early 1360s, local leaders of the Red Turbans fought among themselves for control of soldiers and territory. They expended so much energy on each other that the Yuan government was left in relative peace for a time. It seemed as if the rebellion might collapse under the weight of different warlords ambition. However, Han Shantongs son died in 1366; some historians believe that his general, Zhu Yuanzhang, had him drowned. Although it took two more years, Zhu led his peasant army to capture the Mongol capital at Dadu (Beijing) in 1368. The Yuan Dynasty fell, and Zhu established a new, ethnically-Han Chinese dynasty called the Ming.

Free sample - Mexico drug war and US border patrol security. translation missing

Mexico drug war and US border patrol security. Mexico drug war and US border patrol securityAbstract The Mexico drug war and U.S border patrol security is today known to be the most influential conflict that has ever occurred. In the U.S- Mexico border, several incidences have taken place including the sending of bullets whizzling across the Rio Grande region, which borders the two countries. For a long time, the authorities did not care because they were sure that they were going to win the battle. The facts behind the war actually are that it sends many fears to the public because it left many dead (Archibold 238). When the security was intensified in this region, bullets could be heard from El Paso, which caused violence further in Mexico and Juarez and making this region to be the most feared. Today, the American police can boast of their success in bringing peace in this region, because it was thought to be the most dangerous war, which influenced several communities living in the region. Several issues were considered before security was improved in this region. As Sheriff, Ri chard puts: ‘Guns will never be a solution to the war, but peace comes through talks.’ This was the beginning of the reconciliation process between the countries (Marina 62). Introduction The recently US beef up security on its border with Mexico has threatened their diplomatic relations. Historically, Mexico has for a long time been used as safe passage for narcotics, illegal immigrants, and smuggled commodities predestined for the U.S. market originating from South, Central America, and elsewhere in the world (Marina 62). Commonly reported in the 1980s to early ‘90s, Colombian drug barons were the main traffickers of cocaine and other illegal drugs into the U.S. When American anti-narcotic authorities intensified the Caribbean and South Florida, the Colombian organizations collaborated with the Mexican drug accomplices to transit cocaine to the U.S through Mexico. Mexico, having been a major origin of heroin and cannabis, the partnership was accomplished with minimal difficulty since Mexico had already an operational drug infrastructure capable of serving the Colombian traffickers as well (Coyle 68).  Ã‚  Ã‚   The robust growth of the illegal trade went on until after mid 1980s when Mexican and Columbian trackers got into loggerheads. This misunderstanding arose from disagreement over sharing of benefits and over who-does-what in trafficking systems. With the passage of time, several drug cartels from Mexico were vanishing from the system as new one emerged (Warner 81). This was a result of deaths, arrest, or withdrawal of cartel leader from the trade creating power vacuums. These vacuums offered great opportunities for anti-drug law enforcement agencies in the U.S and Mexico to combat the trade. Mexican cartels would often bribe Mexican police to take action one another or disclosing to the US officials the secret operations of the rival cartels. This escalated into violence. The war among the rival cartels began to cool down since shortly before 1990 after the arrest of the Mexican drug baron, Gallardo Miguel (Marina 62). Through the 1990s, there was a quiet period until 2000 when the ca rtels resumed into violence (Warner 81).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Literature review   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Paradigm can be termed as concepts used in looking for a solution on something. In this case, we are going to use three paradigms namely deterrent theory, collective security, and collective defense. Deterrent theory: this is seen as a case where one party convinces the other that a particular incidence will bring a problem that will not benefit either of the countries. Rather than just looking at its cost, this method is useful in solving many problems. This particular method attempts to identify who will prevent what using which method (Archibold 341). This method is obviously accompanied by a few assumptions. The parties involved assume that are taking part in ensuring that this method is working. In the case of the United States, they should come on board with the Mexico and know that, given that the two countries stand to lose either way, one country should be given mandate to look on these matters of drug trafficking within the borders. Collective security: this method was used during the world war by the then international community league of nation. This particular method goes to heightened degrees in that, countries join hands and decide to settle the existing row in a peaceful manner. The countries are brought together on a neutral ground and agree not to use force in ensuring the problem at hand is solved (Coyle 68). An organization is created to ensure that, those who attempt to frustrate efforts are curbed as this can frustrate efforts of solving the problem in question and bring war. In this case, of United States and Mexico, the two countries have been pointing fingers and none is accepting to accept the blame. Recently, a fifteen-year-old Mexican was shot dead by the United States border patrol while trying to gain entry in the country carrying some drugs. This has in return brought many problems and exchange of words has ensued. Collective security can be used in ensuring peace is realized (Archibold 341) . Collective defense: this is where countries agree that if any of them is affected so is the other. They also agree that, if any problem arises they will help one another in solving it. If by any chance, one country cannot handle the problem alone the other can come to its rescue. They should make use of the armed forces at all times for defense. In the same breath, the United States border patrol should enter into such agreement with Mexican patrol security. Any time drugs enter in either of the two countries, the other party should take it with a lot of seriousness just as if it is her who is being affected (Coyle 68). Discussion The United States border patrol is a department that ensures laws are strictly observed when admitting individuals who are not citizens of the United States. This department has the highest number of officers charged with the responsibility of enforcing law. However, drug dealers’ from neighboring country Mexico have recently threatened the good work that is being done by this department. The Mexican security argue that, the little money that is paid to go through the bridge to get to Texas is to blame for the increase in drugs and arms in these countries. Another factor as seen is the leniency within the borders. The extent at which this shoddy business is taking place is alarming. Studies indicate that, over 90% of the firearms that are used in Mexico have their source in the United States (Archibold 341). Mexico and the United States have left no stone unturned in ensuring that trade between the two countries is going on without any hitches. However, drug traffickers have threatened the mutual benefits that have been there between the two countries. This has been on the rise since president Felipe took the office. This week the patrol officers because of the same menace shot a Mexican youth. The Mexican drug war is a term that has been used to refer to the armed fighting among the cartels who want to take control over some regions, and conflict between the drug cartels with the Mexican government whose objective is to reduce drug trafficking. The drug trafficking organizations have formed very powerful alliances despite existing for just few years. The drug market in the U.S and Mexico are now dominated by the Mexican cartels. Apprehensions of the main culprits behind the cartels have led to escalated violence, as the players behind each cartel rival for routes into the United States (Coyle 68). Statistically, Mexico has been identified as one of the leading drug producing and tracking country. It is the main distributor of cannabis (methamphetamine) to the U.S. (Archibold 341). Recommendation Beginning in 2005, a strategy which was meant to end the war in the US and Mexico border was established. The strategy, which was dubbed in America as a national strategy, would be able to set the goals, which would govern the behavior of the people living within the affected zone. The strategy was built in five strategies, which include developing ways of combating terrorism and banning of illegal firearms, which get into the region. Through this, it was foreseen that the border will remain calm and that none of the individuals will live in fears again. Another objective of the strategy would be to discourage entry, which were illegal in the US by developing a procedure, which would improve the enforcement of the police. The strategy was also established in a bid to apprehending, detecting, and getting rid of drugs, human smugglers and other sources of crimes, which had become rampant in the region (Marina 62). This process was geared at ensuring that individuals will be free of guilt and abrupt chaos, which arose any time in the region. Through the strategy, a smart border technology would be created. This involved coming up with a very systematic method of combating crime and illegal transactions in the region. In it involved the use of technological tools to conduct a serious scrutiny of individuals in the area and thoroughly search for any illegal entry of guns and other matter in the US and Mexico (Coyle 68). The strategy also stipulated a method, which would improve the general live of individuals in the region and reduce the crime that had so long been felt in the region. This was in line with the strategy of expanding the territories so that Mexico and the US could be satisfied with the boarders. In 2007, specialized groups were also formed, which would see to it that the peace was also improved in the region. Some of these groups included the National Special Response Team, the Air Mobile Unit, the Border Patrol Tactical Unit and the Search, Border Patrol, Rescue and Trauma. Conclusion The Mexico drug war and U.S. border patrol security is an issue to recon. More than 7,000 people were left dead in 2008, and others especially in Juarez and Sinola began to battle for boundaries in the Mexican authorities. Their aim was to gain access to most of the cities, which were owned by the Mexicans. Through the creation of smuggling routes and creation of authorities, more than 30,000 people from the United States gained access to the Mexican region and more than 38,000 others have been killed since Calderon, the Felipe president introduced the offensive against the cartels when he took office in 2006. Today, most communities in the US are secured from further attacks, which occur just accords the river (Warner 81). By looking at this war and discussing it basing on the IR paradigms, it can be seen that the war in Mexico and US border was much more than psychological but also influenced the social lives of people living in these regions. It is evident that war is a subject of social torture, a phenomenon which is common in the region between the US and Mexico. References: Archibold, C. Government issues waiver for fencing along border. New York, NY:   New York Times. 2008   (2) 234-342 Coyle, MWaivers for border fence challenged: Environmental groups take their complaints to   Supreme Court. The Recorder.   2008 (2) 65-73 Kanterly, D.   Mexico-U.S. Relations: Issues for Congress. DIANE Publishing. 1999 (1) 54-73 Marina Caparini.   Borders and security governance: managing borders in a globalised world.   London: LIT Verlag Mà ¼nster. 2006 (4) 2-76 Tony Payan.   The three U.S.-Mexico border wars: drugs, immigration, and Homeland Security Greenwood Publishing Group,   2006 (3) 54-63 Warner, J. U.S. Border Security: A Reference Handbook. Contemporary World Issues, ABC-CLIO,   2010:  Ã‚   54-83

Written English - Definition and Examples

Written English s Written English is the way in which the English language is transmitted through a conventional system of graphic signs (or letters). Compare to spoken English. The earliest forms of written English were primarily the translations of Latin works into English in the ninth century. Not until the late fourteenth century (that is, the late Middle English period) did a standard form of written English begin to emerge. According to Marilyn Corrie in The Oxford History of English (2006), written English has been characterized by relative stability during the Modern English period. See also: WritingAlphabetColloquializationFormal Style and Informal StyleKey Events in the History of the English LanguageLiteracyPresent-Day English (PDE)SpellingStandard EnglishWhat Is Standard English?What Is Writing? Early Written English [T]he vast majority of books and manuscripts produced in England before the invention of printing were written in Latin or (in later times) French. Administrative documents were not written in English in any number until the fourteenth century. The story of early written English is one of a local vernacular language struggling to achieve a distinct visual identity and written usage.(David Graddol et al., English: History, Diversity, and Change. Routledge, 1996)[A] new standard form of written English, this time based on the usage of London, began to emerge from the fifteenth century onwards. This was generally adopted by the early printers, who in turn provided a norm for private usage from the sixteenth century onwards.(Jeremy J. Smith, Essentials of Early English. Routledge, 1999) Recording Functions of Written English The history of writing in the English-speaking world reveals a balancing act between competing recording functions of the written word. While written English has always had a role in creating durable records that were never intended to be read aloud, the oral side of writing has been far more important than we tend to realize. Through most of the languages history, an essential function of writing has been to aid in subsequent representation of spoken words. Overwhelmingly, those spoken words have been formal in characterdrama, poetry, sermons, public speeches. ( . . . [B]eginning in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, writing developed a new set of quintessentially written functions with the emergence of newspapers and novels.)In the latter part of the twentieth century, a new twist was added, as writing increasingly came to represent informal speech. This time, there was no intention of later rendering such texts aloud. Gradually, we learned to write as we spoke (rather than preparing to speak as we wrote). As a result weve generally blurred older assumptions that speech and writing are two distinct forms of communication. Nowhere has this muddying of boundaries been more apparent than in the case of email.(Naomi S. Baron, Alphabet to Email: How Written English Evolved and Where Its Heading. Routledge, 2000) Writing and Speech When writing developed, it was derived from and represented speech, albeit imperfectly . . ..To affirm the primacy of speech over writing is not, however, to disparage the latter. If speaking makes us human, writing makes us civilized. Writing has some advantages over speech. For example, it is more permanent, thus making possible the records that any civilization must have. Writing is also capable of easily making some distinctions that speech can make only with difficulty. We can, for example, indicate certain types of pauses more clearly by the spaces that we leave between words when we write than we ordinarily are able to do when we speak. Grade A may well be heard as gray day, but there is no mistaking the one phrase for the other in writing.(John Algeo and Thomas Pyles, The Origins and Development of the English Language, 5th ed. Thomson Wadsworth, 2005) Standard Written English Standard or standardized written English (SWE). Its alive and well in our culture, but what does it mean? Many varieties of English get into print in various contexts, but standard doesnt refer to all of themnot even to everything published in mainstream books and magazines. It refers only to one slice of mainstream writingbut an incredibly important and powerful slice: the slice that people happen to call correct edited written English. When people champion Standard Written English, they sometimes call it proper or correct or literate writing. . . . [I]ts a language that is found only on paperand only in the texts of certain established writers, and its rules are in grammar books. So again: standardized written English (or prescriptive written English) is no ones mother tongue.(Peter Elbow, Vernacular Eloquence: What Speech Can Bring to Writing. Oxford Univ. Press, 2012)Unlike most other kinds of English, standard written English is strongly codified. That is, there is almost total agreement as to which forms and usages form part of it and which do not. . . .Mastery of standard written English is a requirement for many professions, and it is highly desirable in many others. But nobody comes naturally equipped with this mastery. Standard written English has to be acquired, usually by formal education. Sadly, however, in recent years schools in most English-speaking countries have pulled back from teaching this material. As a result, even university graduates with good degrees often find themselves with a command of standard English that is at best inadequate and at worst distressing. This is not a trivial problem, since a poor command of the conventions of standard English will often make a very bad impression on those who must read your writing.(Robert Lawrence Trask, Say What You Mean!: A Troubleshooters Guide to English Style and Usage. David R. Godine, 2005)

New Jim Crow Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

New Jim Crow - Annotated Bibliography Example This source supports the fact that new Jim Crow is prevalent in our society even though not readily accepted by the community. This book assists the reader to understand that racism has taken a new form from the previous practices. This article critically examines the height of racism and how racial biasness has taken a new course through criminal justice. It talks about the challenges faced by the blacks because of their skin color and socioeconomic class they are purported to belong to. It goes further to discuss the role of race and class in criminal justice and points out why belonging to the second-class results to unequal justice with the whites. This article supports the argument that new Jim Crow has taken root in our society through mass incarceration, whereby it states how blacks’ imprisonment is seven times that of whites (Cole 22). This argument is supported by the findings in this publication that found why for every one black graduate from college, 100 have been arrested. It also tends to support the argument that racism still exists in many forms. It points out how crime has been used to victimize the minority. This book highlights and genuinely talks about the flawed Justice System in US. It critically questions the trust of American criminal justice system that for a very long time has been praised by many for being fair and equal to all. This book argues that racial biasness is present although it has been disguised form the rest of the world by freedoms and rights stipulated by the constitution. It shows the degree of unequal treatment by the justice system and links the police to enhancing this biased treatment of the blacks. This book explains how 70% of drivers stopped in Maryland and searched were blacks and how they only constitute to only 17.5% of the overall drivers (LCCR & LCEF 3). This book seems to concur with the argument that new Jim Crow is prevalent in the modern US society, by pointing how

Golden Rule In Philosphy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Golden Rule In Philosphy - Essay Example The researcher states that throughout history and in every culture, some concept of religion has emerged to greater or lesser extent. The Golden Rule is a concept that seems very simple on the surface but that actually delves deeply into just what it means to be human. While its simple instruction to treat others as we would like to be treated seems straightforward enough, there are infinite nuances as we attempt to discover just how we would like to be treated and how that might translate to someone who has different likes, dislikes, values or traditions. Thus, we are asked to understand an individual’s differences from ourselves even as we are instructed to treat them as if they were ourselves. This simple yet complex concept has been taught to people throughout the millennia of human existence through almost all of the world’s major religions in each time period and culture to greater or lesser extent. Its prevalence throughout history defies any attempt to attribute this to mere coincidence and begins to suggest some form of divine universal code. Regardless of whether one believes in God, a concept of God under another name or is limited to placing one’s faith in science alone, the Golden Rule has a tendency to create belief in a universal order that cannot be denied. Even should one be only capable of accepting the practical element of the Golden Rule, understanding that treating others with the respect and dignity one expects to be given is necessary to accomplish social and personal goals.

Real Estate Law Week 9 Individual Work Research Paper

Real Estate Law Week 9 Individual Work - Research Paper Example ving Merchant Wholesalers against Nathan Lane associates created a precedent in which the Supreme Court ruled that it is the duty of a lessee to pay rent, or periodic compensations to the lessor. However if a landlord evicts a tenant from his property, that is the end of a lease, and the tenant is not obligated to pay any damages, or rent. The following are the needed elements of a lease, description of the property, duration of the lease, terms of the renewal, rent and security payments, use and occupancy agreements, the lessor’s right of entry and inspection. A lease agreement must give a vivid description of the property, and its area of location. This is for purposes of identification. It must also contain the time frame of the lease, from its beginning date, to the exact date that the lease period ends. It must also specify whether the tenant has an opportunity to renew the lease or not and also identify the use of the property under lease by the lessee (Brook, 2009). The agreement must also contain the rights of the landlord to enter the property, and inspect it. Plain English requirement are applicable to leases because leasing is an investment decision to the tenant and the landlord. The process of leasing can be complex, and chances are that problems can occur which may result to a lessor losing his property, or revenue from the lease. On this note, plain English highlights issues that face landlords and tenants in a leasing situation, and what they ought to put in consideration while drafting a leasing agreement. A landlord needs to know what his rights are, and if the lease document meets his or her needs. On this note therefore, the use of plain English will enable a lessor to know in a clear manner what these rights are (Brook, 2009). For a tenant, he needs to understand what the impacts of the lease are to his rights and obligations. For instance the location of a business premise is important for its survival; therefore it is important for the

I would like you to distinguish between the four of the five major Essay

I would like you to distinguish between the four of the five major sentencing philosophies - Essay Example The philosophy has played a huge role in minimizing the level of crime throughout the world. This is due to strict laws on those caught taking part in crime. The philosophy has also experienced a lot of criticism whereby many people claim there is a lot of biasness in the ruling of sentences (Carlsmith 437). The main objective of the study is ensuring that there is gradual decline on the level of crime both locally and internationally. This is because through establishment of retribution philosophy, there is a decline in the rate of crime since most people are afraid of the harsh punishments that arrested criminals receive. The deterrence philosophy prevents criminals from indulging in crime again. This is normally after they have received severe punishment for a crime they committed in the past (Caersmith 438). Apart from deterring them from ever indulging in such crimes a gain, the philosophy also prevents other criminals from participating in crime since they would not wish to experience such punishments, which are normally severe. The philosophy was established after nations realized that some people normally go back to their past criminal activities after completing their sentence. This is when nations unanimously came up with the idea of imposing harsh punishments on those that will be caught breaking the law (Carlsmith 438). The deterrence philosophy has resulted to a decline in the level of past criminals returning to crime after completing their sentence. Unfortunately, some of the punishments imposed on the criminals are normally harsh to the extent that the person never recovers from the trauma even after leaving the correction center (Carlsmith 439). The main goal behind the deterrence philosophy is prevent the number of people taking part in criminal activities. This is because the philosophy principles are so strict and harsh to the extent that nobody wishes to be caught breaking the

Persuasion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Persuasion - Essay Example This is a great advantage for the Mac computers because many users like to install and use multiple operating systems for different uses (Stoncypher, 2010). Therefore, with apple computers, you can run multiple operating systems on a single machine. Secondly, apple computers software has advantage over windows computers. This is because apple’s software is compatible with many others as compared to windows (Martin, 2008). Apples software is very different from that of Microsoft in that Microsoft’s software is not compatible with apples software. For example, the type of files, file extensions and complex codes in the operating system are different, and apple can handle most of them, unlike windows computers (Emigh, 2007). The other advantage of apple computers over windows computers lies in their design (Martin, 2008). Macs are cosmetically designed to appeal to the user’s requirements. Apples designs are light and thin, and powerful than windows. The design itself is engineered to meet high performance standards than other computers. Apple computers have an appealing design to the eyes of the user, with an apple logo that is lit at the back, a backlit keyboard and keys. Apples design eliminates bulkiness and uses spinning hard drive technology and not the optical drive to enhance high performance (Martin, 2008). This hard drive technology makes apple’s drive faster than windows computer drives, and this saves the designs space hence making apple lighter and slim as compared to windows computers. The design of apples cooling system has been engineered to draw air from the sides, to ensure that they remain cool for a long period. Apple’s speakers have been custom designed to utili ze every space available and provides good sound response and high quality performance. The other advantage of apple computers over windows is the security of their system. Windows PCs are considered more insecure than apples

Descartes & Dostoevsky Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Descartes & Dostoevsky - Essay Example What they can assume to be reality may actually be a dream. There is a term to describe part of the confusion of determining whether an incident was a dream or reality, and this is called post-dreaming-doubt experience. A post-dreaming-doubt experience is when we experience doubts after having experienced something that may or may not have taken place while dreaming. The dreaming doubt argument leaves room to allow us to consider that what we experienced might have even taken place while we were wide awake. There is also the possibility that the experience took place while we were dreaming. The point is, we do not know and we cannot separate the two to fully understand them. Similarly, we can become befuddled by what took place while we were awake as there is the possibility that we could have actually been dreaming while the incident took place. Post-dreaming-doubt causes us to reconsider what we have seen or experienced and try to determine in which state it took place, during dreaming or while being awake. Attempting to distinguish between dream-experiences and waking-experiences becomes meaningless because we are unaware of during which state these experiences actually took place. What we believe took place in the waking world could have just as easily taken place in the dreaming world and vice versa. Since there is no surefire method or procedure to determine the state in which an experience took place, it becomes pointless to bother to try to figure it all out. The distinction also becomes useless since we are not sure what the distinctions are between the two. This causes us to call into question the states of dreaming and reality. Post-dreaming-doubt experiences is the perfect way to describe the doubt that comes with considering the differences between experiences that either took place while dreaming or being

Persuasion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Persuasion - Essay Example This is a great advantage for the Mac computers because many users like to install and use multiple operating systems for different uses (Stoncypher, 2010). Therefore, with apple computers, you can run multiple operating systems on a single machine. Secondly, apple computers software has advantage over windows computers. This is because apple’s software is compatible with many others as compared to windows (Martin, 2008). Apples software is very different from that of Microsoft in that Microsoft’s software is not compatible with apples software. For example, the type of files, file extensions and complex codes in the operating system are different, and apple can handle most of them, unlike windows computers (Emigh, 2007). The other advantage of apple computers over windows computers lies in their design (Martin, 2008). Macs are cosmetically designed to appeal to the user’s requirements. Apples designs are light and thin, and powerful than windows. The design itself is engineered to meet high performance standards than other computers. Apple computers have an appealing design to the eyes of the user, with an apple logo that is lit at the back, a backlit keyboard and keys. Apples design eliminates bulkiness and uses spinning hard drive technology and not the optical drive to enhance high performance (Martin, 2008). This hard drive technology makes apple’s drive faster than windows computer drives, and this saves the designs space hence making apple lighter and slim as compared to windows computers. The design of apples cooling system has been engineered to draw air from the sides, to ensure that they remain cool for a long period. Apple’s speakers have been custom designed to utili ze every space available and provides good sound response and high quality performance. The other advantage of apple computers over windows is the security of their system. Windows PCs are considered more insecure than apples

Accounting Information and Decision Making Term Paper

Accounting Information and Decision Making - Term Paper Example This is normally achievable through the comparison of the organization with rival firms in the same sector or market. Accounting information facilitates this comparison. The following paper is a collection of theoretical knowledge on accounting information and decision-making for the reader’s basic insight, its definition, and history. The paper will further discuss and analyze the gathered literature in detail and develop a personal conclusion on the relationship between accounting information and decision-making. The earliest possible application of organized recordkeeping in human history goes back thousands of years to early Mesopotamia, which is Iraq today. Archeologists and historians found shelved records of supplied farm produce. Using accounting to keep a record of many dealings enabled improved trade amongst persons and assisted the advancement of more complicated communities. After Mesopotamia, Luca Pacioli possibly pioneered the earliest official literary work of accounting with arithmetic concepts in 1494. Pacioli, a monk and mathematician from Italy defined the double entry system by shedding light on the logic of bookkeeping. Pacioli theorized that one has to record all items twice but variedly, i.e. double entry. Double entry means that when one credits one item, he or she debits the corresponding one, or debits the recipient and credits the giver. During Pacioli’s era, record-keepers made entries to show statements for the enterprise instead of the owner, making annual preparation wanting. After Pacioli, a Dutchman supported the profit and loss books at annual breaks. The degree of societal and technological progress assisted the advancement of contemporary techniques of accounting. The Industrial Revolution brought about the need for sophisticated accounting techniques. The advancement of new techniques saw the separation of ownership from

New Issues during the Civil Rights Movements Essay Example for Free

New Issues during the Civil Rights Movements Essay â€Å"What new issues emerged for the civil rights movement in the period 1965-1970? How did black leaders respond to those issues in different ways? † During the period 1965-1970, new issues had emerged for the civil rights movement, such as the question of whether Martin Luther King’s philosophy of non-violent tactics were too moderate and limited, poverty and voting rights. During 1965 to 1970, black leaders responded to these issues in a number of ways. Responses to these issues included the forming of Black Nationalist groups, voter registration campaigns and campaigns to get rid of poverty. An issue that emerged during 1965-1970 for the black civil rights movement was voting rights. Even though blacks had been given the right to vote since 1964, they often were frightened and intimidated by the whites if they went and voted. An example of this is with Fannie Ion Hamer. When Hamer came back from registering to vote, she was met by the owner of the plantation where she and her husband had worked for 17 years and was told that she would either leave or withdraw her name from the voters roll. She left and that night 16 shots were fired at the house she and her husband were staying in. Blacks were forced to do literacy tests, which most failed, before they could become registered voters; this was done to prevent the blacks from voting as they didn’t have very good literacy skills. By 1965 very few blacks were still not enrolled for example in Selma and Alabama, where only 350 blacks were registered to vote. The voting had become a new issue because many black civil rights leaders realized the significance of blacks voting to get their own people into positions of authority and create more progress for blacks in America. Another issue that emerged in the 1965-1970 for the black civil rights movement was the question whether Martin Luther King’s philosophy of non-violence stance was too moderate and limited. Martin Luther King’s tactics for making America desegregated was all non-violence, for example sit-ins, marches, signs or protests, boycotts, freedom rides and wait-ins. At first these tactics worked. The freedom rides achieved to desegregate bus terminals, issued by the Interstate Commerce Commission. The sit-ins worked because the protesters annoyed the whites, but not enough for them to take violent action from the police. Bills and laws were being passed. In the 1963 Birmingham campaign led by Martin Luther King the sit-ins, boycotts and mass marches managed to desegregate Birmingham. But by 1966 Black Power emerged and was an alternative philosophy to non-violent protest that civil rights’ activists could use. To some black leaders the methods Martin Luther King had always seemed too fair and his aim of winning concessions from the white majority appeared too inadequate. This was an issue to many blacks, because even though the non-violent methods worked most of the time, blacks were still getting beaten for it and or even killed. The Black Power became a very good alternative because it united black people to recognize their heritage, to build a sense of community. It was a call for black people to define their own goals, doing whatever is necessary to get what they need. The Black Power proved its point in the riots that emerged in Watts, Selma and Chicago, where blacks got what they wanted using means of violence. The riots showed that violence can be the answer too, the total opposite of Martin Luther King’s beliefs. Poverty was another issue the civil rights movement had to face in the period 1965-1970. Poverty of blacks occurred because of blacks being denied skilled jobs that paid well, this led the blacks to not having enough money for education, housing and food supplies, which led to theft among their own people. Blacks in ghettos believed there was no point in going to school if in the end they weren’t to get any good, well paid jobs. Blacks found that there was no use in working if their jobs paid a little more than the Social Security payments for the unemployed. These beliefs created a cycle of poverty and that in order to change and progress further than they already are they needed to break that poverty cycle. This proved to be a great challenge for conservative black groups and leaders but was one of the significant factors for the rise of nationalists groups. In response to the issue of voting rights, black leaders held many voter registration campaigns and demonstrations. An example was the Selma Campaign in 1965, which became a significant campaign. Marches from Selma to Montgomery, which had been banned by the Federal Court, was led by Martin Luther King. On one march the marchers were met by State Troops and so King led them in prayer and marched them back to Selma. This cost the support of many King’s younger supporters, but the Selma Campaign was still a success. This led to the introduction of the Voters’ Rights Bill, which ensured that obstruction to voting would be prevented and many more blacks were now enrolling. In response to the questioning of Martin Luther Kings non-violent methods, black leaders started to form nationalists groups which had more violent policies. For example, in 1966 the Black Panthers were formed. They called for the arming of blacks, to have all blacks released from prison and for blacks to receive compensation for centuries of exploitation by whites. This group also used a lot of violence, but younger blacks found this more appealing than Martin Luther King’s tactics, as they had more aggressive approaches and could relate to blacks who had grown up in the ghettos. Finally, in response to the issue of poverty, black leaders held campaigns for this problem too. During 1968, King organised the ‘Poor Peoples Campaign’. This was an attempt to bring together all of America’s poor – not just blacks – and was obviously not fought along racial lines. This would have been a great way to deal with the poverty of America because it would have brought together many different groups of people in order to achieve common goals. In conclusion during the civil rights movement in years 1965-1970, the new issues that emerged were voting rights, the question whether Martin Luther King’s tactics were too fair and limited and poverty. These issues were responded by the black leaders in different ways such as the forming of Black Nationalists groups, for example the Black Panthers, voter registration campaigns and campaigns to get rid of poverty.

Network Infrastructure For E Commerce Information Technology Essay

Network Infrastructure For E Commerce Information Technology Essay   E-commerce or eCommerce is basically Electronic commerce that deals with buying and selling of services and products over electronic systems such as Internet and other Computer networks. E-commerce is commonly known as electronic marketing. With the extensive use of Internet, the amount of trade carried out electronically has developed tremendously. E-commerce (electronic commerce or EC) is the buying and selling of goods and services on the Internet, especially the World Wide Web. In practice, this term and a newer term,  e-business, are often used interchangeably. For online retail selling, the term  e-tailing  is sometimes used. Electronic commerce is generally considered to be the sales aspect of e-business. It also consists of the exchange of data to facilitate the financing and payment aspects of the business transactions. REQUIREMENTS FOR E-COMMERCE: Authentication PrivacyMessage Integrity Non-repudiation NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE FOR E-COMMERCE: Global information distribution networks are the infrastructure that are connecting countries and continents. Extranets, Intranets and the Internet, the above parties are spread over diverse locations, extranets use the internet as a network to reach out to these parties. A company typically has multiple dedicated extranets for different parties depending on information needs and nature of relationship. Extranets can sometimes also be seen as an extension of the company intranet or internal network where external parties are brought into the fold of the companys private network with access to specific areas or information. Internet This is  the world-wide network  of computers accessible to anyone who knows their Internet Protocol (IP) address the IP address is a unique set of numbers (such as 209.33.27.100) that defines the computers location. Intranet This is a network that is not available to the world outside of the Intranet. If the Intranet network is connected to the Internet, the Intranet will reside behind a firewall and, if it allows access from the Internet, will be an Extranet. The firewall helps to control access between the Intranet and Internet to permit access to the Intranet only to people who are members of the same company or organisation.   Extranet An Extranet is actually an Intranet that is partially accessible to authorised outsiders. The actual server (the computer that serves up the web pages) will reside behind a firewall. The firewall helps to control access between the Intranet and Internet permitting access to the Intranet only to people who are suitably authorised.   EXTRANET: An extranet is a private network that uses Internet protocols and the public telecommunication system to securely share part of a businesss information or operations with suppliers, vendors, partners, customers, or other businesses. An extranet can be viewed as part of a companys Intranet that is extended to users outside the company. The same benefits that Web technologies have brought to corporate Intranets are now starting to accelerate business between businesses. Extranets can be used to exchange large volumes of data, share product catalogues, share news with trading partners, collaborate with other companies on joint development efforts, jointly develop and share training programs with other companies, provide or access applications between companies, and much more. It may sound like a technology for geeks only. But many people use extranets every day without realizing itto track packaged goods, order products from their suppliers or access customer assistance from other companies. An extranet is a mechanism based on Internet and Web technology for communicating both privately and selectively with your customers and business partners. USES OF EXTRANET: When done correctly, extranets provide a safe way to allow transactional business-to-business activities and can save your company some serious time and money. The automotive industry uses extranets to cut down on its redundant ordering processes and keep suppliers up to date on parts and design changes, allowing quicker response times to suppliers problems and questions. Suppliers can receive proposals, submit bids, provide documents, even collect payments through an extranet site. An extranet has restricted (password-protected) access, so it may be connected directly to each partys internal systems. DISADVANTAGES: The benefits of extranets, such as reduced time to market and cost of doing business, and faster access to partner information, may be outweighed by the costs-security, Web servers and development, legacy systems integration, ongoing support and maintenance. Extranets require a large amount of IS time and energy, much more than what it takes to get an intranet or Web site up and running, which may place it at the bottom of the IS groups to-do list. CONCLUSION: A mix of each is most likely, Connect to partners, suppliers, customers in the best way that supports your specific business model. extranet is helpful conversationally when considering giving external parties access to enterprise systems. The term should engender a deeper level of consideration and concern regarding maintaining security and managing external relationships.

Family Relationships in Morrisons The Bluest Eye Essay -- The Bluest

Family Relationships in Morrison's The Bluest Eye â€Å"The Bluest Eye† by Toni Morrison, is a story about the life of a young black girl, Pecola Breedlove, who is growing up during post World War I. She prays for the bluest eyes, which will â€Å"make her beautiful† and in turn make her accepted by her family and peers. The major issue in the book, the idea of ugliness, was the belief that â€Å"blackness† was not valuable or beautiful. This view, handed down to them at birth, was a cultural hindrance to the black race. A main theme in this novel is the influence of family relationships in the quest for individual identity. Our family or lack thereof, as children, ultimately influences the way we feel as adults, about ourselves and about others. The effects on us mold our personalities and as a result influence our identities. This story shows us the efforts of struggling black families who transmit patterns and problems that have a negative impact on their family relationships. These patterns continue to go unresolved and are eventually inherited by their children who will also accept this way of life as this vicious circle continues. Having inherited the myth of ugliness and unworthiness, the characters throughout the story, with the exception of the MacTeer family, will not only allow this to happen, but will instill this in their children to be passed on to the next generation. Beauty precedes love, the grownups seem to say, and only a few possess beauty, so they remain unloved and unworthy. Throughout the novel, the convictions of sons and daughters are the same as their fathers and mothers. Their failures and accomplishments are transferred to their children and to future generations. It is int... ... son, Louis, Jr. The cat becomes her surrogate child as the blue-eyed Fisher child became the surrogate child to Pauline Breedlove. The cat will die physically as Pecola will die mentally. Soaphead Church was a mixed black and white ancestry from the Caribbean. He inherits the need to be British and to erase all color. His schoolmaster father developed his own legacy of Anglophilia into a narrow intellectual statement of the unworthiness of man. Being a mulatto, he knew the â€Å"non-life he had learned on the flat side of his father’s belt.† Because racism prevents Soaphead from getting the job that his education merits, he gives up, he ends up with a non-life, like his father and his wife, the only person he ever truly loved, abandons him. He uses little Pecola to rid himself of the mangy dog that represents non-white, non-perfect beings whom he despises.

Early Pregnancy

The Internet ! Teenagers nowadays have so many problems. One of the most common problems is big occupation with the Internet. Teenagers use it every day but not in a good way. The fact is that we can’t imagine one day without the Internet, but children today use it for things which don’t have a good influence on them. For example , kids spend few hours every day playing computer games. They don’t learn anything good from it. Years ago children used to spend all of their free time to hang out with each other, but nowadays they spend all of it to chat online with their friends.That’s the worst thing with Internet. They spend their childhood with the ‘ peace of technology ‘ , not with real people. It would be the best if parents took care of their children and thought more what they do in their free time. They should restrict their time and in that way they could have more time for something that are important in their life. On the other side we n eed Internet for everything today. The bright side of the Internet is that we can get intouch with our cousins and friends form other countries by skype.Unsociable children Big problem of children nowadays is that they have problems with finding friends. It’s really hard for them to find someone who will understand and support them in every way. The Internet , that I’ve just written about has a big influence on their sociable life,so they’re often lonely and feel depressive all the time. They watch lots of movies that are not suitable for their age and they think it’s okay to do those things.Because they don’t have friends and feel depressive , they become aggressive and often don’t find their soulmates. Children don’t understand each other al all. There is too much bullying and misunderstanding in their lives. When someone doesn’t want to do something bad, like smoking cigarettes , or drinking alcohol , what is ‘normalâ €™ nowadays in their age , that person for the rest of society is not normal or modern and than they reject him/her from their group. But , the only truth is that if you don’t do those bad things you stayed good unlike them. Early Pregnancy In considering an article on â€Å"Early Pregnancy: Normal and Abnormal† for a monograph on ultrasound in reproductive medicine and infertility, several issues arise. It is essential that the sonologist or sonographer understand what early pregnancy looks like on transvaginal ultrasound and why it looks like that, so that one can distinguish early pregnancies that are normal from those absolutely destined to fail.Regardless of the level, if any, of assisted reproduction, the use of ultrasound in early pregnancy begins with basic physiology and anatomy. Most often, the patient with an issue of questionable fertility is well-known to the medical establishment, highly motivated, compliant, and usually follows any instruction offered. More often than not, the biochemical evidence of a pregnancy event (i. e. , detection of human chorionic gonadotropin in blood or urine) precedes our ability to see the pregnancy sonographically.In fact, the gap between biochemical detection (as earl y as 30 to 50 mIU/mL) often from over-the-counter home pregnancy tests and our ability to detect a pregnancy even with the sonomicroscopy of the vaginal probe has widened in the recent past. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is produced by trophoblastic tissue. It is detectable 8 days after conception. [1] Conventional over-the-counter home pregnancy tests turn positive at around the time of the missed menses (30 to 50 mIU/mL). It is often erroneously referred to as the â€Å"beta subunit† or simply the â€Å"beta† although most current tests measure the intact hCG molecule.The ? subunit was originally described to distinguish it from the ? subunit, something that is shared with other molecules such as thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Normally, hCG doubles every 48 hours, although a minimum rate of rise is 53 to 66%[2,3] in 48 hours. It is essential to realize that apparently normal doubling times of hCG do not ensure an intrauterine location, as 15 to 20% of ectopi c pregnancies can follow normal doubling times of hCG, and these are ones that often end up with a beating heart and normal appearance, although extrauterine in location Early Pregnancy The Internet ! Teenagers nowadays have so many problems. One of the most common problems is big occupation with the Internet. Teenagers use it every day but not in a good way. The fact is that we can’t imagine one day without the Internet, but children today use it for things which don’t have a good influence on them. For example , kids spend few hours every day playing computer games. They don’t learn anything good from it. Years ago children used to spend all of their free time to hang out with each other, but nowadays they spend all of it to chat online with their friends.That’s the worst thing with Internet. They spend their childhood with the ‘ peace of technology ‘ , not with real people. It would be the best if parents took care of their children and thought more what they do in their free time. They should restrict their time and in that way they could have more time for something that are important in their life. On the other side we n eed Internet for everything today. The bright side of the Internet is that we can get intouch with our cousins and friends form other countries by skype.Unsociable children Big problem of children nowadays is that they have problems with finding friends. It’s really hard for them to find someone who will understand and support them in every way. The Internet , that I’ve just written about has a big influence on their sociable life,so they’re often lonely and feel depressive all the time. They watch lots of movies that are not suitable for their age and they think it’s okay to do those things.Because they don’t have friends and feel depressive , they become aggressive and often don’t find their soulmates. Children don’t understand each other al all. There is too much bullying and misunderstanding in their lives. When someone doesn’t want to do something bad, like smoking cigarettes , or drinking alcohol , what is ‘normalâ €™ nowadays in their age , that person for the rest of society is not normal or modern and than they reject him/her from their group. But , the only truth is that if you don’t do those bad things you stayed good unlike them.

The Return: Shadow Souls Chapter 4

â€Å"You're shaking. Let me do it alone,† Meredith said, putting a hand on Bonnie's shoulder as they stood together in front of Caroline Forbes's house. Bonnie started to lean into the pressure, but made herself stop. It was humiliating to be shaking so obviously on a Virginia morning in late July. It was humiliating to be treated like a child, too. But Meredith, who was only six months older, looked more adult than usual today. Her dark hair was pulled back, so that her eyes looked very large and her olive-skinned face with its high cheekbones was shown to its best advantage. She could practically be my babysitter, Bonnie thought dejectedly. Meredith had high heels on, too, instead of her usual flats. Bonnie felt smaller and younger than ever in comparison. She ran a hand through her strawberry-blond curls, trying to fluff them up a precious half inch higher. â€Å"I'm not scared. I'm c-cold,† Bonnie said with all the dignity she could muster. â€Å"I know. You feel something coming from there, don't you?† Meredith nodded at the house before them. Bonnie looked sideways at it and then back at Meredith. Suddenly Meredith's adultness was more comforting than annoying. But before she looked at Caroline's house again she blurted, â€Å"What's with the spike heels?† â€Å"Oh,† Meredith said, glancing down. â€Å"Just practical thinking. If anything tries to grab my ankle this time, it gets this.† She stamped and there was a satisfying clack from the sidewalk. Bonnie almost smiled. â€Å"Did you bring your brass knuckles, too?† â€Å"I don't need them; I'll knock Caroline out again barehanded if she tries anything. But quit changing the subject. I can do this alone.† Bonnie finally let herself put her own small hand on Meredith's slim, long-fingered one. She squeezed. â€Å"I know you can. But I'm the one who should. It was me she invited over.† â€Å"Yes,† Meredith said, with a slight, elegant curl of her lip. â€Å"She's always known where to stick in the knife. Well, whatever happens, Caroline's brought it on herself. First we try to help her, for her sake and ours. Then we try to make her get help. After that – â€Å" â€Å"After that,† Bonnie said sadly, â€Å"there's no telling.† She looked at Caroline's house again. It looked†¦skewed†¦in some way, as if she were seeing it through a distorting mirror. Besides that, it had a bad aura: black slashed across an ugly shade of gray-green. Bonnie had never seen a house with so much energy before. And it was cold, this energy, like the breath out of a meat locker. Bonnie felt as if it would suck out her own life-force and turn it into ice, if it got the chance. She let Meredith ring the doorbell. It had a slight echo to it, and when Mrs. Forbes answered, her voice seemed to echo slightly, as well. The inside of the house still had that funhouse mirror look to it, Bonnie thought, but even stranger was the feel. If she shut her eyes she would imagine herself in a much larger place, where the floor slanted sharply down. â€Å"You came to see Caroline,† Mrs. Forbes said. Her appearance shocked Bonnie. Caroline's mother looked like an old woman, with gray hair and a pinched white face. â€Å"She's up in her room. I'll show you,† Caroline's mother said. â€Å"But Mrs. Forbes, we know where – † Meredith broke off when Bonnie put a hand on her arm. The faded, shrunken woman was leading the way. She had almost no aura at all, Bonnie realized, and was stricken to the heart. She'd known Caroline and her parents for so long – how could their relationships have come to this? I won't call Caroline names, no matter what she does, Bonnie vowed silently. No matter what. Even†¦yes, even after what she's done to Matt. I'll try to remember something good about her. But it was difficult to think at all in this house, much less to think of anything good. Bonnie knew the staircase was going up; she could see each step above her. But all her other senses told her she was going down. It was a horrifying feeling that made her dizzy: this sharp slant downward as she watched her feet climb. There was also a smell, strange and pungent, of rotten eggs. It was a reeking, rotten odor that you tasted in the air. Caroline's door was shut, and in front of it, lying on the floor, was a plate of food with a fork and carving knife on it. Mrs. Forbes hurried ahead of Bonnie and Meredith and quickly snatched up the plate, opened the door opposite Caroline's, and placed it in there, shutting the door behind her. But just before it disappeared, Bonnie thought she saw movement in the heap of food on the fine bone china. â€Å"She'll barely speak to me,† Mrs. Forbes said in the same empty voice she'd used before. â€Å"But she did say that she was expecting you.† She hurried past them, leaving them alone in the corridor. The smell of rotten eggs – no, of sulfur, Bonnie realized, was very strong. Sulfur – she recognized the smell from last year's chemistry class. But how did such a horrible smell get into Mrs. Forbes's elegant house? Bonnie turned to Meredith to ask, but Meredith was already shaking her head. Bonnie knew that expression. Don't say anything. Bonnie gulped, wiped her watering eyes, and watched Meredith turn the handle of Caroline's door. The room was dark. Enough light shone from the hallway to show that Caroline's curtains had been reinforced by opaque bedspreads nailed over them. No one was in or on the bed. â€Å"Come in! And shut that door fast!† It was Caroline's voice, with Caroline's typical waspishness. A flood of relief swept over Bonnie. The voice wasn't a male bass that shook the room, or a howl, it was Caroline-in-a-bad-mood. She stepped into the dimness before her.

High school Essay

In ancient India, schools were in the form of Gurukuls. Gurukuls were traditional Hindu residential schools of learning; typically the teacher’s house or a monastery. During the Mughal rule, Madrasahs were introduced in India to educate the children of Muslim parents. British records show that indigenous education was widespread in the 18th century, with a school for every temple, mosque or village in most regions of the country. The subjects taught included Reading, Writing, Arithmetic, Theology, Law, Astronomy, Metaphysics, Ethics, Medical Science and Religion. Under the British rule in India, Christian missionaries from England, USA and other countries established missionary and boarding schools throughout the country. Later as these schools gained in popularity, more were started and some gained prestige. These schools marked the beginning of modern schooling in India and the syllabus and calendar they followed became the benchmark for schools in modern India. Today most of the schools follow the missionary school model in terms of tutoring, subject / syllabus, governance etc.with minor changes. Schools in India range from schools with large campuses with thousands of students and hefty fees to schools where children are taught under a tree with a small / no campus and are totally free of cost. There are various boards of schools in India, namely Central Board for Secondary Education (CBSE), Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE), Madrasa Boards of various states, Matriculation Boards of various states, State Boards of various boards, Anglo Indian Board, and so on. The typical syllabus today includes Language(s), Mathematics, Science – Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Geography, History, General Knowledge, Information Technology / Computer Science etc.. Extra curricular activities include physical education / sports and cultural activities like music, choreography, painting, theater / drama etc.

The Difference of Children's Life Between Past and Present Essay

The Difference of Children's Life Between Past and Present - Essay Example The physical activities helped them achieve very strong and muscular physique. Contrary to that, children of the present age have almost no time for outdoor physical activities. The schooling system is so advanced that children find very little time for enjoyment and relaxation. Therefore when they do get some time, they tend to surf the Internet or play video games. Even during the major portion of the day when they are studying, they are constantly using computers and the Internet because the contemporary educational system heavily depends upon the use of technology. As a result of this, children of the present age gain weight because of sitting for hours and hours continuously. Most children of the present age are either overweight or obese whereas others are too skinny. â€Å"Exercise is an important part of any daily regimen and diet, but it is even more critical for children† (Breedon). Very few children of the present age have a physique that is comparable to the childr en of the past. Children of the past were not very sharp. The main reason for this might be there lack of interaction with technology. Children of the past had seen very little world. They used to remain only in the city where they were born. They would play there, work there, and live there. They had very little information or knowledge about the world beyond what they had seen. Children of the present age are very sharp and intellectual. Again, the main reason for this is their interaction with technology. Computers and television have made it possible for the children of the present age to see the world beyond where they are and remain in constant contact with their friends abroad. This has made the children of the present age far more intellectual and informed as compared to the... This report approves that the changed lifestyle has had mixed effect on children. The positive and negative effects of the change on the children are almost equal. The positive effects of the changed lifestyle on children include increased intellectual skills and competence in the use of technology, expanded social network, availability of more opportunities of academic and professional growth. The negative effects of the changed lifestyle on children include but are not limited to increased consumption of junk food leading to many diseases including diabetes and obesity, increased number of teenage pregnancies, distance from the elders especially the grandparents emotionally as well as physically, reduced practice of religion, and increased susceptibility to violence and cybercrime. Modern age children are not very obedient. This paper makes a conclusion that lifestyle of the modern age children is so different from their lifestyle of the children of the past that the two have very rare common elements. From the standpoint of diet and physical activities, children of the past were much more privileged and advantaged as compared to the children of the present age. From the standpoint of intelligence and general knowledge, children of the present age are much more advantaged than the children of the past. Children of the past were emotionally closer to their elders than the children of the present age.

Cloning Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cloning Issues - Essay Example Before any arguments can be discussed, we have to understand certain terminology involved in cloning. There are essentially three types of cloning techniques, DNA cloning, Reproductive cloning and Therapeutic cloning. While DNA cloning has been used in the laboratory for many years as an essential tool in Molecular Biology, it is Reproductive Cloning (Dolly the sheep was created using this technique) and Therapeutic Cloning (technique used to create stem cells) that are really the problem children of cloning. First let us look at therapeutic cloning which basically involves creating human embryos for use in research. The process involves the extraction of stem cells from blastocysts (fertilized eggs that have undergone divisions for around 5 days). From these blastocysts, scientists extract Embryonic Stem Cells which are Pluripotent i.e. they have the ability to form any type of cell given the right set of conditions. Many opponents to cloning say that the embryo represents a human being and that if it had undergone complete development, it would have produced a life, and thus the extraction was akin to murdering the unborn. The question here is, should the embryo be considered as a human being even though technically it is just a collection of cells And if not, then at what stage in its development can we consider that the embryo has life Then there is reproductive cloning which is the most debated of all cloning topics. Through reproductive cloning there is the possibility of creating human clones. Many arguments against human cloning involve the fact that the process of cloning has a low success rate. And should a clone be produced, then can the birth of such an individual be considered as unnatural Of course one could also argue that IVF is an unnatural form of reproduction, but then it has helped thousands of infertile couples. Another issue to be looked at is that the majority of animal clones that are created today have very low survival rates, with many of them having poor health and thus leading a short and compromised life. So if one were to create a human clone, that individual need not necessarily lead a normal and healthy life and instead may end up living a short and maybe agonizing life. Who should then be held accountable for the individual Also the concept of creating human clones for human farms where organs can be harvested for transplant patients is another area that has to be looked at. Can we really create human beings whose sole purpose in life is for their organs Don't these clones as individuals also have the right to live But the buck does not stop there; today rudimentary genetic screening is used on fetuses to determine whether they have any of the identifiable incurable genetic diseases and whether to abort the pregnancy. Though this technique has many benefits, one can also say that as individuals, do we have the right to decide who has to right to live and who doesn't And with such technology getting more sophisticated, where can we draw the line Very soon parents may look at other genetic traits and determine whether to abort a pregnancy, leading to a whole new form of discrimination. The thoughts put forward here are just some of the many topics that have to be debated by society as such to determine what is acceptable to the society

How the employee motivation techniques and theories currently being Dissertation

How the employee motivation techniques and theories currently being used in different organisations can be changed or improved t - Dissertation Example By examining the factors that lead to job satisfaction and dissatisfaction, the report intends to establish employee motivation techniques and strategies that organizations can employee for long term employee retention. Qualitative data was collected from employees of Standard Chartered and CO-Operative banks in the United Kingdom. The factors that made employees have job satisfaction and be motivated were explored in detail. The main focus of this study is on what sustainable measures organizations can use to motivate their employees in order to reduce employee turnover. The study was based on different motivation theories that were used to guide data collection and analysis. Table of Contents Acknowledgements 2 Abstract 3 CHAPTER ONE 1 1.0 Introduction 1 1.1Background of the Study 2 1.3 Statement of the Problem 3 1.4 Purpose of the Study 3 1.5 Research Questions 3 1.6 Research Objectives 4 CHAPTER TWO 4 2.0 Literature Review 4 2.1 Employee Retention 5 2.2 Motivation 6 2.3 Employee Motivation 6 2.4 Need Theories of Motivation 7 2.4.1 Maslow’s hierarchy of needs 7 2.4.2 Herzberg’s two factor theory 8 2.5 Equity Theory 9 2.6 Vroom’s Expectancy Theory 10 2.7Job Design 12 2.7.1 Job characteristics model 12 CHAPTER THREE 15 3.0 Research Methodology 15 3.1Research Philosophy 15 3.1.1 Positivism 15 3.1.2 Interpretivism 16 3.2 Research Design 16 3.3 Research Strategy 17 3.3.1 Case study 17   3.4 Population 18 3.5 Data Collection and Instrumentation 18 3.6 Data Analysis 19 3.7 Ethical Considerations 20 3.8 Limitations and De-limitations 21 CHAPTER FOUR 22 4.0 Data Presentation and Analysis 22 4.1 Participant Demographics 22 4.2 Job Satisfaction Factors 23 4.3 Case Study Analysis 25 CHAPTER FIVE 26 5.0 Conclusion and Recommendations 26 5.2 Recommendations 27 5.2.1 Work-life balance consideration 27 5.2.2Transformational leadership and management 27 Works Cited 28 List of Figures Figure 1: Maslow’s hierarchy of needs (Maslow, 54)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦..8 Figure 2: Vroom’s theory of expectancy model (Vroom, 1964)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..10 Figure 3: Job Characteristics Model of Work Motivation (Hackman & Oldham, 78).................14 Figure 4: Factors for employee motivation...................................................................................25 List of Tables Table 1: Issues to Address Concerning Employees with Regard to Expectancy Theory†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.....11 Table 2: Demographics of the study participants..........................................................................23 Table 3: Response of Participants on Factors for Employee Motivation.....................................23 CHAPTER ONE 1.0 Introduction It is the goal of every organization and business to be successful and have competitive advantage in its industry. In the contemporary b usiness environment, characterized by globalization and changing demographics such as Generation Y, organizations face many challenges in their quest to remain competitive. Additionally, advances in information and communications technologies (ICT) and changing consumer patterns have driven organizations globally to adopt new organizational structures and methods of production that have greatly enhanced the mobility of people, and in turn, facilitated the rate of employee turnover. An organization’s human capital is its greatest resource and crucial to its success or failure. In most cases, qualified and well-trained staff who are committed and motivated can be a source of competitive advantage. Losing competent employees can be detrimental to the productivity of an organization. With regard to this, recruiting the right employees is a challenge, but retaining these employees is

The Role of the Government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Role of the Government - Essay Example In 2010, the US government has made affordable care Act. In this plan, the government has made comprehensive reforms for health care which will be implemented for four years. Some of these reforms include 50% discount for the senior citizens on buying the medicine, the age of young adults is increased to 26 years, and they are eligible for their parent’s medical plan up to this age. Around 4 million businesses that are small in scale, tax credit is eligible for them so that they can provide medical benefits for their employees (Healthcare, 2012). The US government, healthcare providers, and the employers should work hard to make sure that the health care is accessible to every person. Incentive should be given to the providers so that health services are expanded (Pomerance, 2011). Pomerance, D. (2011). Access to Healthcare: The Right of the People. Retrieved January 4, 2012, from www.healthmgttech.com:

Customer Care & Front Office Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5500 words

Customer Care & Front Office - Essay Example This essay describes different care policies, that provide guidelines against which any hotel employee may measure his or her performance in caring for customers. It insures continuity of quality between visits by the same customers and also across various other hotels owned by the same company and over time. The researcher states that word of mouth is the best advertisement any hotel can hope for, and it costs nothing. By having a set of policies to follow, the company helps employees to remember everything which will make customers feel welcome and valued. Without established policies for customer care, there is room for variance in the quality of that care. Different people, even with training, may not habitually treat the customer with the same quality of care. The researcher then describes different communication types and how these are identified and use to best effect and describes the different types of customers who are likely to pass through a hospitality outlet and their d iffering and specific requirements. The researcher of the essay summarizes the sequence and various stages of the customer cycle and the procedures which occur at each stage. This essay also explains the various financial procedures which occur at various stages of the customer cycle, that begins with first contact with the customer when inquiries are made. In the end, the researcher explains the legal requirements, which may possibly affect the interaction of the guest with staff and uses some examples to present them.

The Unspoken Laws Essay Example for Free

The Unspoken Laws Essay The conceptualization of sexual, religious, and gendered borders has served to write the human standard of living and the societal roles that we have incorporated into our culture to accept as the social norm. These unspoken laws are the architecture to our socio-cultural environment. These laws represent the cement that has carefully bonded the male-female heteronormative gender role, the pre-inclined human morality given by religion, and sexual identity to be something that is easily definable by the masses. Arturo Islas in The Rain God defines Mexican culture by creating characters that exemplify and embody the stereotypes and the figurative borders of sexuality, religion, and gender. Throughout The Rain God Arturo Islas tells the story of the Angel family- a family made up of strong characters such as Miguel Grande and Mama Chona. Both Miguel Grande and Mama Chona strongly embody the female-male gender role while personifying the cultural borders that Miguel Chico encounters as he develops into an adult. Miguel Grande illustrates machismo as he is described as the traditional patriarch of the Angel Family. Mama Chona takes on the matriarch role that holds the Angel Family together all the while as she is conflicted to accept the Indigenous and Chicano identities that make her whole. Maria- the nursemaid is a symbol for the religious freedom Miguel Chico grows up searching for. She herself strays off Roman Catholicism and becomes a Seventh Day Adventist. Maria’s influences of another form of thinking impacts Miguel Chico as he furthers into interpreting the reality encircling his childhood. Arturo Islas carefully constructs the matriarch role in Hispanic culture as Mama Chona. Her character is a clear example of the generational struggle faced by Mother Chonas alike of other Mexican Families living in the Southwest Texas/ Mexico border seeking out lead their kin out of the â€Å"bad† life. Miguel Chico reminiscing over a family picture in his desk area describes, â€Å"Mama Chona is wearing a black ankle-length dress with a white lace collar and he is in a short-sleeved light colored summer suit with short pantsthe camera has captured them in flight from one world to the next.† (Islas, 3-4). This quote expatiates the generational gap faced between the Angel family and Miguel Chico. Narratively, it also serves as foreshadowing for Miguel Chico straining off the â€Å"correct† path, that is not staying and submitting to the very literal and figurative geographical borders of religion, sex, and gender found in the Southwest. Miguel Chico does this by earning his acceptance to a prestigious University, moving to San Fransisco, and becoming the free thinking individual that he is by heart. With traditional catholic point of views and a ridged sense of what sexuality is Miguel Grande refuses to accept any other form of raising his child, other than the one he’s been conditioned to accept throughout his lifetime. â€Å"‘Apologize to your father for playing with dolls,’ Juanita said to Miguel Chico. He did not understand why he needed to say he was sorry. When his father was not there, his mother permitted him to play with them.† (Islas, 16) Miguel Chico is the queer child who questions religion and the male role that is placed on him by his social environment. Arturo Islas crafts these polar identities to express the very literal border of culture and sexuality that Miguel Chico encounters and battles with as he matures into an adult. Whilst growing up nursemaid Maria attempts to instill the morals and allegories of a religious context into Miguel Chico. Although, Miguel Chico receives the religious barrage from both ends of the spectrum- the mother and the nursemaid, Miguel Chico questions the validity of the information he waveringly accepts at the time. â€Å"Miguel Chico learned that when he asked Maria a difficult question she would remain silent, then choose a biblical passage that illustrated the terrible power of God the Fathers wrath.† (Islas, 17). Moreover, Maria explores another branch of Christianity by being a Seventh Day Adventist, her influences of denying another religion impacts Miguel Chico and in the end lends to his rejection of religion over all, as he sees the influence of another interpretation of â€Å"truth†. Furthermore, as Miguel Chico walks through the journey of adulthood he becomes more aware of the social and personal constraints the borders of religion, sex, and gender present to his growth as an individual though throughout this time he accepts that he is a determinable extension of them both, Maria- the nursemaid and Mother Chona the Angel Familys Matriarch. â€Å"the way a seed continues to be part of a plant after it has assumed its own form which does not at all resemble its origin, but which nevertheless, is determined by it. He had survived severe pruning and wondered if human beings, unlike plants can water themselves.† (Islas, 25-26). Throughout the passage Miguel Chico asserts his independence from all the borders introduced by his family, the border that his persona has been forced to fit in in consequence of a socially accepted mold. Later in The Rain God it is learned that Mama Chona becomes ill. At this time Miguel Chico visits and is confronted with questions concerning his sexuality and relationship status, more significantly by his cousins. It is strange to them that he is neither married, nor in a stable relationship with a woman. Despite the suspicion behind his sexuality he verifies the value he has for knowledge. He conjures up the idea that perhaps he had survived the plucking of his personal growth to tell the stories of people similar to Maria and Mother Chona. Conclusively, Miguel Chico ascertains that he in fact does have a long way to go throughout his journey of self-discovery, along the way he pieces together the identity that makes him whole. These pieces all influenced by the characters in his life, significantly, Mother Chona and Maria. He accepts the fact he alike Mother Chona prefers to disregard facts to assume motives, although unlike Maria, Miguel Chico longed to look at persons and their motives separately from an â€Å"earthly, rather than otherworldly, point of view† (Islas, 28). Miguel Chicos future is undetermined at this point and he is okay with that reality but he now is comfortable with the concept that he does not have to live in the haziness of the garden he has been rooted to be part of. Miguel Chico can stray off the pre-determined path given to him and still be his own after appreciating the soil that nurtured him into the free thinking individual that he is. Works Cited Islas, Arturo. The Rain God: A Desert Tale. Palo Alto: Alexandrian, 1984. Print.